Of all the different kinds of phobias, specific phobias are the most prevalent. Specific phobias are what is typically shown on talk shows and movies where a person is terrified of something physical like a kitten or cars with dark interiors. There are countless ways that specific phobias can manifest themselves, but they can usually be eliminated or controlled fairly easily.
Most common phobias, like claustrophobia and arachnophobia, are specific phobias. Like all phobias, they are an irrational fear, usually centering on a situation that is perceived as being uncontrollable or dangerous. Essentially, someone with a specific phobia sees a normally non threatening thing or situation as being extremely serious. Even though no one particularly likes spiders, for example, only those with a phobia are gripped by fear. The sad part is, numerous people with phobias understand that they should not be frightened of a spider or closed in area, or whatever might trigger their phobia, but there is not a lot they can do to change how they feel when the phobic reaction is upon them.
The five types of specific phobia are animal phobias, natural environment phobias, situational phobias, blood injection phobia, and other specific phobias. Animal phobias are simply the fear of certain animals, while natural environment phobias are fears concerning aspects of the natural environment, such as heights or thunderstorms. Situational phobias are fears of a scenario that are thought to be dreadful, like going to the doctor or being trapped in a small space. Blood injection phobias are the fear of needles, blood, or medical procedures, and although all phobias make people feel like they might pass out, blood injection phobias are the only phobias that will actually make someone pass out. There is an 'other' category for phobias that is designated for phobias that do not fit cleanly into the other four groups.
Although there is no surefire way to cure every case of phobia, treatment for specific phobias focuses on making a person confront their fear. This method works because the phobia is an irrational reaction and their brain sees something as a greater threat than it is. By exposing oneself to the phobic trigger and replacing the phobic response with a controlled response, they break the link in their brain between the trigger and danger. Sometimes medication can help reduce the anxiety associated with severe specific phobias, but medication is used much more commonly with other types of phobias.
Although it would seem like the few phobias that are not specific phobias would be very distinct, they are often misdiagnosed as specific phobia. They are misdiagnosed because the other types of phobias, social phobia and agoraphobia, are actually very similar to certain specific phobias. Agoraphobia means 'fear of the marketplace' and seems very similar to a situational phobia, especially since Agoraphobic people will often have a panic attack if they cannot easily leave someplace, but the fear is of the panic attack, not being trapped. If you think you have a phobia, speak with a psychologist before you begin trying to find a cure.
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